Application of decision analysis to evaluate recovery actions for threatened Snake River spring and summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

نویسندگان

  • Calvin N. Peters
  • David R. Marmorek
چکیده

There is uncertainty about the importance of various factors in explaining declines of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations in the Snake River basin of Oregon and Idaho. This uncertainty has prevented implementation of long-term recovery actions for these stocks. We used simulation models and decision analysis to evaluate three management actions for seven index stocks of Snake River spring and summer chinook salmon: (i) continue current operation of the Columbia River hydropower system, (ii) maximize transportation of smolts, and (iii) natural river drawdown (breaching) of four Snake River dams. Decision analysis provided a useful approach for including multiple hypotheses about population responses to environmental and anthropogenic factors, systematically assessing the importance of alternative hypotheses, and identifying risk-averse recovery strategies that meet survival and recovery goals over a wide range of uncertainties. We found that the most influential uncertainties were related to hypothesized causes of estuary and ocean mortality. Current monitoring provides limited information on survival in this life stage; carefully designed management experiments are more likely to generate useful information. Given that these uncertainties exist, drawdown was the most risk-averse action, meeting long-term survival and recovery goals over a wider range of assumptions than the other actions. Résumé : Il existe de l’incertitude au sujet de l’importance des divers facteurs explicatifs du déclin des populations de Saumons quinnat (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) dans le bassin versant de la rivière Snake en Oregon et en Idaho. Cette incertitude a empêché la mise en oeuvre de stratégies de récupération à long terme de ces stocks. Des modèles de simulation et des analyses décisionnelles ont permis d’évaluer trois stratégies de gestion pour sept stocks indicatifs de saumons de printemps et d’été de la rivière Snake : (i) ou bien la poursuite de l’opération actuelle du système hydroélectrique du fleuve Columbia, (ii) ou alors la maximisation du transport des saumoneaux, (iii) ou enfin la baisse des eaux de la rivière à leur niveau naturel par ébrèchement de quatre barrages de la rivière Snake. L’analyse décisionnelle est une méthode utile pour incorporer des hypothèses multiples au sujet des réactions des populations aux facteurs environnementaux et anthropiques, pour évaluer systématiquement l’importance des hypothèses de rechange et pour identifier les stratégies de récupération qui évitent les risques tout en atteignant les objectifs de survie et de récupération sur une gamme étendue d’incertitudes. Les incertitudes les plus sérieuses concernent les causes présumées de la mortalité dans l’estuaire et l’océan. Le réseau de surveillance actuel ne fournit que peu de renseignements sur la survie à cette étape du cycle biologique; des expériences de gestion planifiées avec soin seraient plus susceptibles de générer des informations utiles. Étant donné l’existence de ces incertitudes, la baisse des niveaux des réservoirs est la stratégie qui pose le moins de risques et qui permet d’atteindre les objectifs de survie et de récupération à long terme sur une gamme plus étendue de pré-suppositions que les autres stratégies. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Peters and Marmorek 2446

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تاریخ انتشار 2001